Anlysis of The Dechra PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anlysis of The Dechra PLC - Essay Example 36.6 million and ?11.7 million, respectively. The paper illuminates Dechra PLC’s investment, financing, and dividend payout trends in the recent years. Moreover, the paper will also conduct an in-depth analysis of the financing, investing, and dividend trends using tools such as standard deviation, averages and charts. Part 1: The company in the recent past has undertaken significant investments, changes in divided policy, and changes in its capital structure. Changes in capital structure In general, over the last five years the company has been experiencing increase in the indebtedness. In the year 2009, the company was indebted to a tune of 23.08 while in the year 2013 the indebtedness has swollen to 103.84 in just a span of five years (Dechra, 2013). This is not a good indicator in the financial statement because the more the debts the company the company has the worse its leverage ratio gets. The thumps rule requires that the ratio should not be higher than 1. That is to s ay that the debt to equity ratio should be 50:50. In the case of Dechra PLC., this is not the case the leverage ratio judging from the table below. In order to clear its debt and register a sound capital structure the company has embarked on an ambitious process to sell off its veterinary services wing at a cost of GBP 86.2 million with transaction costs and taxation on disposal cost expected to cost 0.9 million and 0.4 million respectively. The proceeds from these sales will be used to offset the debts of the company. This viable move will overhaul the financial structure of the company for the better and put its going concern concept back on track. Capital structure of Dechra PLC in the last five years Year 2013 2012 2011 2010 2012 Non current debt (millions) 103.84 114.05 56.08 17.76 23.08 Shareholders equity (millions) 174.62 103.68 98.33 86.23 80.69 Leverage ratio 1.68 0.909 1.753 4.855 3.496 Retrieved on 8 November 2013 from http://www.hl.co.uk/shares/shares-search-results/d/d echra-pharmaceuticals-plc-ordinary-1p/financial-statements-and-reports Changes in investment The company is strategically involved in various investment activities that will ensure that it commands a sizeable share of the pharmaceutical industry. One such investment is the acquisition of â€Å"Eurovet Animal Health B.V.† which was acquired on 5th of April, 2012. This acquisition is in line with the company expansion strategy. The strategy goes a long way to ensure that the company expands its foothold into the pharmaceutical market (Dechra, 2013). The other strategic investment that has been effected by the company is the successful exclusive worldwide licensing agreement with SCYNEXIS Inc. the exclusive license gives the company the authority to manufacture and commercialize SCY-641, a medication used in the treatment of KCS. This world right to produce this drug is a great achievement for the company that cements the company’s going concern concept. Changes in divide nd policy The company has been steadily increasing its dividend payout over the years judging by the financial reports in the last five years. It is worth noting that dividend policy is the discretion of the management of Dechra PLC. They have the freedom to settle on any kind of distribution policy whether stock repurchase, share split, or dividend policy (Booth & Maksimovic, 2001). It is worth noting that Dechra has over the years stuck to dividend payout as their default distribution

Pips changing character Essay Example for Free

Pips changing character Essay Explore how dickens builds atmosphere and reveals aspects of Pips changing character in three scenes of your choice. A Great Expectation is considered by many to be Charles Dickens greatest novel. Dickens wrote the book from the first person perspective so when reading the book Pip is telling the story after it actually happened. The story is about the life of Phillip Pirrip (Pip). We follow the growth of Pip. The story follows Pips formation from childhood to adulthood. The story shows us how events in his life change his attitudes. Unfortunately instead of growing up to be a gentleman he turns out a snob. The story is based on how the older generation uses the younger generation to get back at society. We see this when Miss havisham says to Estella Well, you can break his heart. She said this when Estella was complaining about having to play cards with Pip. Miss Havisham wants Estella to break Pips heart because once she had her heart broken . Pip was also being used by Magwitch. Magwitch uses Pip by bringing him to London and bringing him up to be a gentleman. This is getting back at society because society looked down at Magwitch. When Pip visits Miss Havisham for the first time Dickens gives us lots of clues to what she will be like before he actually meets her. Firstly her house is called Satis house which Estella says Its other name was Satis which is Greek or Latin or Hebrew or all 3 or one to me for enough. This is a warning that Miss Havisham is fed up and had enough of life. Also upon arriving at Miss Havishams house Dickens builds up the atmosphere by writing The cold wind seemed to blow colder there than outside the gate and it made a shrill noise in howling in and out at the open sides of the brewery. Like the noise of wind in the rigging of a ship at sea. This creates a gloomy atmosphere and makes the reader think something bad is inside. Once Pip enters Miss Havishams room Dickens writes a paragraph describing Miss Havisham. HE writes about how she is dressed. She was dressed in rich materials satins and lace and silks all of white. Some bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands. This gives us a good impression of her but then Dickens writes but I saw that everything within my view which ought to be white had been white long ago and had lost its lustre, and was faded and yellow. These represents that she was once happy but mow her life has gone sour and she is bitter. The room in which Miss Havisham was had no source of daylight it was lit by the odd candle. This shows us that there is no light left in her life.

Photography Review Essay example -- essays research papers

Photography Review Joel Meyerowitz spent the summer of 1976 and 1977 taking magnificent photographs, which he later published in 1997 in a book called â€Å"Cape light.† These photographs were taken in Cape Cod, Massachusetts around the Truro-Provincetown area in the summer. His book is full of marvelous photographs, which depict a typical summer up on the Cape. These pictures may seem beautiful to anyone. However, these pictures possess more meaning to anyone who has ever lived on Cape Cod or visited Cape Cod. Cape Cod is one of the most beautiful and meaningful places to me. From the time I was a baby on, my family and I have spent many wonderful summer in the Cape. My parent, have been going to Cape Cod, Massachusetts since they were first married. When I think of Cape Cod, the first thing that comes to my mind are memories of the same old little beach cottage my family has rented year after year. I think of Cape Cod and thoughts fill my head with the beach, water, sand, beach cottages, and hot summer days. When I look at Joel Meyerowitz’s book the photos almost come to life. The color and images are so real. The same thoughts that I have for the water, sand, and beach are expressed in Meyerowitz’s photos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joel Meyerowitz took his photographs with an 8†x10† view camera. The prints were in full size, made directly from the negatives without any kind of changes or manipulations. Joel Meyerowitz’s is a pictorialist. His picture are taken of scenery...

What should Betty do?

Betty needs to evaluate the ethical and legal aspect of the situation. Did Betty lied for the Senior Management position? The question Is about what Is right and what is ethical and, what Is the right thing for Betty to do? The current proposed action for Betty Is, whether the action Is legal? According to Bagley and Savage (2009), It Is vital to address the legal Issue first In order to establish the perception that legal compliance is the starting point for any standard.Also the authors stated that â€Å"when you try to keep to the letter of the law while undermining the spirit, you are likely to violate the letter in the end† (p. 26). This implies that it is better to adhere to the law because law helps to shape the competitive environment which affects each of the five forces that determine the attractiveness of an industry. In this regard being part of senior management, it is important for Betty to choose the legal path. Does answering yes to the legal issue, maximize sh areholders value? There are two answers to the question, yes or no. If Betty answers yes, the next question Is, Is It ethical?The Issues of ethical are to prove o the customers, employees, community, environment, and suppliers than satisfying the shareholders. If the proposed Issue maximizes shareholders value and It Is ethical, then Betty has to disclose to the human resource department. Similarly, If her answer in maximizing shareholders value is no, then Betty requires to evaluate the effects and cost on shareholders with regards to other stakeholders. The question is would it be ethical not to take action? If the answer to this question is no, then Betty has to disclose her actions to shareholders.How should Human Resources handle his situation? Since human resources have requested Betty's personal and educational information to update her records, the human resources department needs to give her a deadline as to when the Information is due and also give her the option to set a meeting If she Is unable to come up with the Information at the stipulated time. Until human resources receives the Information or hears from Betty, they should give her the benefit of the doubt without making any Judgment or assumption. In the event where Betty is unable to prove that she has an MBA, and decided to come clean,Human resources should offer her a step down with the option to complete her MBA, voluntary resignation and firing her should be the last resort considering her outstanding performance during her ten years tenure at Colossal. As Senior Vice President, the position requires legally astute managers and leaders are expected to adhere to the laws and ethical standards. As managers, they have to set the ethical tone of the company and employees. Go ethical behavior from leaders is considered good for a business and the authors stated that â€Å"patterns of unethical behavior tend o result In Illegal behavior over time† (p. 3). Reference Bagley, E. & Savage, D. (2009). DUMB 610 course pack: Managers and the legal environment. Coinage Learning: Mason, OH. Is Shaker's behavior ethical? Sharked behavior on one hand is unethical because he was someone â€Å"in the know', he gathers information through colonization from coworkers and shares the same information with other coworkers who may use the information to their advantage. This portrays Sharked as an unethical person that lacks integrity, fairness and honesty. On the other hand, Sharked has the right as an employee to ask questions bout the relationship between his boss and Sheila Sharpe.Sharked should review the company's code of conduct if available for guidance or call the company's ethic hotlist to report his suspicion. According to Bagley and Savage (2009), it may be worthwhile to inform other employees about unethical situation. If other employees did not show interest, through evaluation of his beliefs, Sharked can follow what he feels deem to proceed on the issue. Does it make a difference if the allegation of the affair between his boss and Sheila Sharpe is true or false? It does difference if the allegation of the affair between Sharked boss and Sheila Sharpe is true.If the affair is false this can lead to destroy the personal character of Sheila Sharpe. As a manager, he should set the stage for better ethical environment. As the manager, he the responsibility to enact code of conduct, training employees and arrange a method of reporting misconduct. Sam Cipher finds out that Sharked has been gossiping about him and Sheila Sharpe. Assume the gossip about Sam and Sheila is not true, and Sam wants to fire Sharked. Should the Human Resources Office support his decision? This is a conflicting situation the Sam Cipher should must decide as what is the right thing to do in this situation.According to Barrack â€Å"when trying to resolve problems that raise questions of personal integrity and moral, managers should ask, who am l? † This will reveal Sam Cipher feelings in terms of the conflict at hand and determine if the conflict may affect the company. The Human resource should ask, who are we as an organization? The human resource department should determine the interpretations of the ethical implication on the company. The human resource department should insider the position of the organization in terms of relationship with the stakeholders.

Analysis of Fdr’s Address to the Nation After Pearl Harbor

An Essay on Franklin Deleno Roosevelt’s â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation† also known as â€Å"The Day of Infamy Speech† English Part One General Program, Section 2 Assignment 1-5 Kristen Roberts Student Number JM1300012 April 1, 2013 On December seventh, 1941 hundreds of Japanese planes began an attack on the US naval base in Honolulu, Hawaii. The attack lasted two hours. The loss of battleships, planes and equipment was tremendous.But, the lives of over 2,000 soldiers that were lost and another 1,000 plus that were injured was a major factor in the thoughts that led up to the president, Franklin Roosevelt’s speech to the nation and the United States declaration of war against Japan. Mr. Roosevelt delivered his speech on December eight, 1941. The most famous quote from his speech is arguably â€Å"Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. † Mr. Roosevelt’s purpose in his address to the nation about Pearl Harbor was to allow the American people to have the knowledge of what had occurred the day before when the Japanese had attacked.He also used his speech to show the need to declare war on the Japanese. Roosevelt wanted to assure American’s he was aware of the peaceful relationship we had with Japan up until the air strike on Pearl Harbor. He explained our history with Japan and also made the argument that our government had no knowledge of the attack. He stated the attack had to have been planned because of his statement, â€Å"The distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. †Franklin Roosevelt used many words with similar meanings to assure the United States that our swift action against Japan was needed. He used the words â€Å"unprovoked attack,† â€Å"premeditated invasion† as well as â€Å"sudden and deliberate attack. † His behavior during his speech was very solemn and determi ned. He looked back and forth from the camera to his cabinet and all that were in the room with him at different times. He wanted to make sure each person felt he was talking to just them. Including those American who were watching on their televisions.He also wanted those who were listening on their radios to know his reasons for the speech. That is why he spoke very determined. My opinion of Frankin Roosevelt’s â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation,† is that I think Mr. Roosevelt was right in everything he spoke about. He had been well informed of the situation and he wanted Americans to know what the government did each step of the way. He didn’t want anyone to be confused at the United States stand against the Japanese and why our nation was doing everything in our power to show the support of the people of our nation.

buy custom Bilingual Effects essay

buy custom Bilingual Effects essay The article Being bilingual may delay dementia was written by Jennifer Huget LaRue on the Washington post. This fascinating paper was published on Thursday in the April issue of the Journal cognitive sciences analysis. Jennifer carried out a study about the cognitive science trends and came up with various results. In her study, she realized that dementia among the elderly may be slowed down by being a bilingual. Further research was later carried out by a group of Psychologists led by Bialystoc of York University in Toronto. From the research findings, Jennifer shows that various benefits of the brain health are totally muted among the adults. Investigations further showed more pronouncements on the elderly group of adults. In her article, Jennifer performs an analysis of the dementia among adults and the elderly. Jennifer clarifies that bilinguals normally show symptoms of dementia at their elderly age. A case study conducted amongst the dementia elderly people four years ago revealed that most of those who showed symptoms of dementia were bilingual. Alzheimer is yet another form of dementa disease widely spread as a result of bilingualism. In her paper, Jennifer outlines difficulties likely to be faced by those who speak a variety of languages. Firstly, bilinguals give the brain a very heavy task of sorting out what words to use whenever they would wish to switch to any given language. The second issue is that their brains are ever kept agile. Agility of the brain results from a burdening task of screening on which word form which language best fits the situation. In most cases, becoming a bilingual is not by choice but chance depending on compelling circumstances. In Jennifers discussion about the health effects of bilingualism, he mentions that the brain is greatly affected by the state of multitasking. Our psychology book states that the hippocampus part of the brain is a component of the limbic system. The book states that one of its jobs is to help us remember the location of objects. Another case of similarity is realized in the The Last Child in the Woods book by Richard Louv. In this article, the author talks of a disorder referred to as outdoor deprivation disorder. The similarity betweenn the two scenarios is that Jennifers case equally concerns brain form of disorder related to bilingual effect. I particularly chose this paper article because the current international lingual standards requirements. In order for a person to survive well in most countries in the world, it is important for an individual to be bilingual. Throughout my life, I would have wished to be an international figure across the entire globe. In relation to Alzheimer and dementia, I have a fear engaging in this international venture because it may overload my brain. In addition to that, this venture may make me vulnerable to brain diseases related to bilinguals. I found this article so educative and interesting in its simple way of addressing points. From this inspiration, I need to further a research on some other negative effects of bilingualism on the brain. Now I understand what some of the physical symptoms of dementia are and can better relate to the situation I would have been in. Also, it is important for society to understand how bilingualism affects the brain so we can try and take steps to prevent it in order to remain healthy and happy. Buy custom Bilingual Effects essay

Human Sexuality

Human Sexuality Introduction The topic under discussion is human sexuality, which is a subject that generates a lot of controversy. It is essential to understand norms for sexual behavior and how society can maintain these norms. In this regard, one must discuss teen sex as well as premarital sex, and relate to this to the limitations that people place on human sexuality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis The topic is a critical one because sex is related to vital parts of human organization, such as, family, procreation, and companionship. Furthermore, sex has grave ramifications on other people as well as society in general. Religious guidelines, moral principles, taboos and legal repercussions are indicative of the gravity of this topic. Additionally failure to abide by certain rules leads to unwanted consequences among concerned parties. It is vital to trace the so urces of influence on current perceptions of human sexuality, and then establish how those norms ought to be maintained. In order to understand the limits of human sexuality, one must look through the barriers to eligibility in sexual relations. Sometimes, an individual’s gender governs their sexual choices. Certain people believe sex should only be between persons of opposite gender, but this matter has elicited a lot of controversy in the public sphere. Additionally, age places a limit on a person’s sexual choices. In most western cultures, it is illegal to have sex with a minor. However, some Asian, African and Islamic cultures allow teen sex as long as it is in the context of marriage. Additionally, one’s marital status also affects the limits society places on sex. Many individuals frown upon extra marital affairs; although sex between two uncommitted and consenting adults is somewhat permissible. There are inherent contradictions in what society endorses a nd what dominant social platforms, like the media, endorse. Numerous individuals resent abnormal behavior, but few of them know about the entities that define normalcy. In most circumstances, a person’s religious beliefs, cultural heritage and upbringing have a large role to play in one’s definition of normalcy. In modern society, the principle of consent is the most valuable one in setting boundaries for sex. Therefore, sex with underage persons or among them is frowned upon because these individuals do not have the psychological maturity to give consent. Additionally, violence in sex is highly frowned upon because one of the parties is held against their will, so no consent exists. It should, however, be noted that people have not completely disregarded the relevance of marriage in sex (Bramlett and Mosher, 2002). Single parents, who have several sexual partners during a child’s development, have difficulties in teaching them about sexual morals. Such children will imitate their parent’s behavior, and may start having sex in their teens. Society’s lack of commitment on premarital sex has blurred the lines on sexual limits, and thus perpetuated teenage pregnancy or even violence.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies indicate that sixty six percent of all pregnant teens engaged in sex owing to abuse from older males (Potera, 2009). Usually, these activities took place because of parental absenteeism. Such parents are single and have to focus on economic activities rather than family obligations. Therefore, society may disregard the relevance of marriage in sexual relations, but the repercussions of these choices are quite vicious (McGurN, 2009). The issue of sexual limits is often downplayed in the media. Through the use of certain stereotypes, premarital sex is strengthened and even glamorized. Advertisem ents are saturated with heavily sexualized messages. Women are selling perfume, clothes, cars and even garden equipment using their bodies. This saturation of sexually-charged messages causes many people to develop unrealistic ideas about sex. It objectifies women and encourages individuals to focus on casual encounters. Furthermore, some of the most famous celebrities live promiscuous lifestyles. One may read about an actress who has had more than four partners in the span of one year. These public figures reinforce the stereotype of non-committal sexual relations and create the problems discussed in the above paragraph. Perhaps a more alarming problem from the media is the perpetuation of stereotypes about teenage girls and sex. Pop culture can lead to violent sexual situations or rape; it also encourages teenage sex. Unlike past decades, where the media perpetuated societal norms, currently, the media perpetuates a counterculture that is often dangerous for those who are targeted by it. A case in point is the Victoria Secret Pink brand. The company has used the media to advertise this line. This product category was launched in 2004 for young adults and collegiate women. The logic was that the pink brand would transition individuals from teenage hood to adulthood. Victoria Secret marketed the product as fun and flirtatious. In fact, the company has taken campaigns to schools and other communities with large representations of 18-22 year olds (Zmuda, 2008. While the company claims to sell its garments to clients above the age of consent, it is no secret that teenagers resonate with this brand, and many of them buy Victoria Secret’s undergarments. Bright colors and graphics emphasize the playful aesthetic of the undergarments in the pink brand. The flirtatious nature of the brand is also evident through some of the slogans on the undergarment. For instance, one of the products has the words ‘no peeking’. This slogan contradicts itself owin g to the flirtatious nature of the pink undergarments. It shows that a girl’s no is really yes. The visuals obscure the slogan and indicate that the wearer cannot say no and truly mean it.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many programs in the media make early sex and casual sex appear normal. For instance, in the movie Knocked up, the main actress Alison is a professional career woman, who has casual sex with a stranger in a bar. It is only after Alison realizes she is pregnant that she decides to pursue the stranger (Apatow et. al. 2007). The feature illustrates the pervasiveness of casual relations in society. Teenagers are having sex as seen through pop icons’ song choices. Justin Bieber sings about intimacy with a girl in his song â€Å"That should be me†. In the first verse he says â€Å"Rumours spreadin ‘bout this other guy. Do you do what you did when you did with me† (Lrics Mode, 2010). Justin was still underage when writing the song. In order to promote right attitudes towards sex, one should make the effort to understand the reasons for having sex and the limits of what is acceptable. However, one must also embrace the fact that society is deeply divided about certain norms in society. Therefore, individuals who choose lifestyles that do not comply with one’s personal preferences but are accepted by society should be respected. This reflection has taught me that some limits on sexual behavior can be easily blurred, and society will not directly frown upon it. However, concerned individuals will pay for those consequences indirectly. I also learnt that the media covertly encourages deviant sexual behavior through the images it portrays and the stories it focuses on. Annotated Bibliography Apatow, J., Robertson, S., Rogen, S., Goldberg, E. (Producers), Apatow, J. (Director). (2007). Knoc ked up [DVD], Universal City, California: Universal Pictures. The movie is a story about Alison Scott, a competent reporter, who has casual sex with a laid back and average-looking stranger known as Ben Stone. Because of a misunderstanding during the sexual act, Alison gets pregnant, and tries to contact Ben. She struggles to forge a relationship with him, but realizes that he is irresponsible and juvenile. Fortunately, the two get to know each other during the pregnancy. This movie points out the pervasiveness of casual sexual encounters in popular culture. Bramlett, D. and Mosher, W. (2002). Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage in the United States. Vital Health Statistics 23(22), 1-35.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Journal article was a comprehensive survey of a wide range of subjects throughout the United States. It intended on unraveling attitudes towards sex in the context of marriage. The researchers asked participants about their sexual practices in marriage and outside marriage. The article is essential in shedding light on sexual norms in American society. It points out the issues that many regard as acceptable and offensive. Therefore, the study assists in meeting the key objective in this analysis on human sexuality. Lrics Mode (2010). Justin Bieber: That should be me lyrics. Web. The website is a script of the lyrics to Justin Bieber’s song â€Å"That should be me†. Bieber is a teenage pop sensation who rose to stardom after posting a video on YouTube. He released the song in 2010, when he was 16 years old. Nonetheless, the song’s lyrics are marred with sexual undertones. The singer has many underage fans (even less than 5 years old) and many of them sing the se words. The song identifies some of the sources of underage sexual encounters. McGurN, W. (2009, January 6). Like a virgin: The press take on teenage sex. Wall Street Journal, p. 15. In the newspaper article, the author looks at the role of family in young people’s sexual lives. He explains that teenagers who come from religious homes and social environments are less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, get pregnant or loose their virginity before 21. The writer reiterates that parents strongly influence children’s attitudes towards sex. This article is crucial in illustrating some of the sources of ideas about sex in society. It proves that family influences are indispensable, and that the casual attitude towards sex starts in one’s home. Potera, C. (2009). Sex and violence in media influence teen behavior. American Journal of Nursing, 109(2), 20. The article focuses on the effect of television on teenage sexual behavior. The author found that teenagers who watched more television were more likely to become pregnant. She also illustrated that websites and games create a violent culture among teens that can lead to purveyance of non consensual and underage sex. This journal is crucial to the subject under discussion because it illustrates how the media creates a counterculture and perpetuates dangerous stereotypes. Some of them are manifested through violent acts. Zmuda, N. (2008, January). Pink label: Victoria’s sales secret. Advertising Age, 15. The article focuses on the marketing strategies of one of the most successful lingerie retailers in the country: Victoria Secret. The author reveals that the retailer has a line that is targeted at young women. She also reiterates that the company conducts marketing campaigns in colleges and universities in order to promote the product. While this article does not directly refer to the commercialization of childhood, it is crucial in shedding light on the pervasiveness of sexual id eas among young people. It illustrates where ideas about teenage sex come from, and the dangers of this sort of commercialization. References Apatow, J., Robertson, S., Rogen, S., Goldberg, E. (Producers), Apatow, J. (Director). (2007). Knocked up [DVD], Universal City, California: Universal Pictures. Bramlett, D. and Mosher, W. (2002). Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage in the United States. Vital Health Statistics 23(22), 1-35. Lrics Mode (2010). Justin Bieber: That should be me lyrics. Web. McGurN, W. (2009, January 6). Like a virgin: The press take on teenage sex. Wall Street Journal, p. 15. Potera, C. (2009). Sex and violence in media influence teen behavior. American Journal of Nursing, 109(2), 20. Zmuda, N. (2008, January). Pink label: Victoria’s sales secret. Advertising Age, 15.

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution One part of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory involves population biology and, on an even smaller level, population genetics. Since evolution is measured in units within populations and only populations can evolve and not individuals, then population biology and population genetics are intricate parts of the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection. How the Coalescent Theory Affects the Theory of Evolution When Charles Darwin first published his ideas of evolution and natural selection, the field of Genetics had yet to be discovered. Since tracing alleles and genetics is a very important part of population biology and population genetics, Darwin did not fully cover those ideas in his books. Now, with more technology and knowledge under our belts, we can incorporate more population biology and population genetics into the Theory of Evolution. One way this is done is through the coalescence of alleles. Population biologists look at the gene pool and all available alleles within the population. They then try to trace the origin of these alleles back through time to see where they started. The alleles can be traced back through various lineages on a phylogenetic tree to see where they coalesce or come back together (an alternate way of looking at it is when the alleles branched off from one another). Traits always coalesce at a point called the most recent common ancestor. After the most recent common ancestor, the alleles separated and evolved into new traits and most likely the populations gave rise to new species. The Coalescent Theory, much like Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, has a few assumptions that eliminate changes in alleles through chance events. The Coalescent Theory assumes there is no random genetic flow or genetic drift of alleles into or out of the populations, natural selection is not working on the selected population over the given time period, and there is no recombination of alleles to form new or more complex alleles. If this holds true, then the most recent common ancestor can be found for two different lineages of similar species. If any of the above are in play, then there are several obstacles that have to be overcome before the most recent common ancestor can be pinpointed for those species. As technology and understanding of the Coalescent Theory become more readily available, the mathematical model that accompanies it has been tweaked. These changes to the mathematical model allow some of the previously inhibitive and complex issues with population biology and population genetics have been taken care of and all types of populations may then be used and examined using the theory.

Diversified workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversified workforce - Essay Example anization because such a workforce helps in making better decisions, helps in satisfying customer needs and creates a positive image of the organization. A very important element in the success of an organization is the way decisions are made in the organization. A successful organization is one which is able to take creative decisions in order to compete in a highly competitive environment. Decision making is one area which helps in enhancing the creativity of the organization. In the process of decision making, it is essential for the organization to define an issue from different perspective and develop different solutions for a particular issue. Having a diversified workforce can enable the organization in broadly defining the issues it is facing and developing different solutions to a problem. For example: a workforce comprising of people having who have ample amount of experience and who have recently graduated can come up with solutions that have already been tested and solutions that are new. Another key element of organization is its customer and customers of the organization are considered as the heart of the customer. Customer satisfaction is considered very important in order to attract and retain old and new customers. To satisfy the needs of a diverse range of customers organizations require a diversified workforce. A diversified workforce can interact with customers and develop customer intimacy and identify the needs that they want to be fulfilled. This enables the organization in developing goods and services which caters to the needs of different customers which enables the organization in attracting and retaining customers. A third key element of the success of the organization is the image that it creates in the mind of its stakeholders. Organizations that do not have a diversified workforce are considered as organizations that practice discrimination by employing only individuals that belong to one particular group. Due to this they face

Taoism-Tao Te Ching, Dao De Jing, or Daodejing Essay

Taoism-Tao Te Ching, Dao De Jing, or Daodejing - Essay Example Although, it is imperative for the survival of all creations yet it displays modesty by providing immeasurable benefits to all creations. Likewise, we should profit people without reason. It bends around obstacles, flows in places that people despise; instead modifies itself for the advantage of others. Although, every living creature is dependent upon it yet it humbly flows downwards, no place is too low for it. ‘Good dwelling on the ground’ can be interpreted as constructing dwellings which are strong enough to protect us. Depth of mind implies that one should meditate over matters in life and should not assume everything to be simple. Everything can be accomplished by using our mental faculties to the maximum. Moreover, it enlightens us that the worth of a gift lies not in its value but with the intent it is given. Good gifts are those which are given without any concealed motive. It accentuates the principal of honest and sincere speech. Words spoken are irreversible hence one should not indulge in flattery and fabrication. Honesty and integrity should be embedded deeply in ones character to live a righteous life. an honorable ruler is impartial . Injustice might profit a ruler temporarily but eventually he will have to pay for the consequences of his actions. One should try becoming knowledgeable and adept in his profession to attain better earning and promotion. Timeliness is the essence of a good deed so one should be compassionate to other people’s needs. Lastly, he identifies that a good solution is which benefits everybody .People benefiting in a situation should put themselves in place of those are at the losing end to come up with the best remedy for all. This chapter highlights the significance of curbing ones desires. Only when we abandon the path of needless desires, can we follow the path to spiritual development and get into contact with our inner self. He quotes examples reasoning why one should restrain from

Revival of Parisian Haute Couture after WWII Essay

Revival of Parisian Haute Couture after WWII - Essay Example World War II is considered to be the dark years of otherwise richest fashion industry, Paris. Before the war, the whole world looked towards Paris for fashion, accessories, fabrics, and inspiration. On the other hand, Pre-WWII America was merely a Parisian fashion admirer and consumer (Murgia 2013).It is quite interesting to explore how Paris made such remarkable comeback on international scene, despite the unparallel decline in prominence, social life differences between US and Europe, and most significant of all, momentous progress of American fashion industry during the 1940s. No doubt, WWII marked the end of European supremacy in the visual arts, and increasing momentum of New York art scene, however, equivalent enhancement of fashion scene couldn’t take place. Rather, United States’ magazines published articles like â€Å"How to buy a Dior Original† that presumed French couture as every American woman’s dream. Despite the time-consuming and expensive process of dressmaking by a French designer, American women found it priceless (Steele 1998). In addition to state efforts, and clever marketing strategies of French couturiers, â€Å"the sheer prestige of Pars fashion contributed to its post-war revival,† as Steele (1998) puts it. ... Hats made their ways into an otherwise politically correct dress. They found a creative outlet in the use of feathers, raffia, and different leftover items (Peterson et al. 2008). America was nearly disconnected with Paris during War years, therefore, most American couture houses and ready-to-wear manufacturers incorporated American designers in their teams. It provided Americans with freedom to create new styles without getting influences by Paris. In that period, American designers like Gilbert Adrian secured the leading position one fashion scene2 (quoted in Murgia 2013). After liberation from German occupation, French designers who showed association with Nazis were ignored. Even though Channel closed her Paris fashion one year before the war, her love affair with a high official of Nazis created unfavourable situations that made it difficult for her to open salon in Paris for many years after the war. Unlike Americans, French designers rejected the war related non-French frugali ty (due to rationing) and made luxurious use of materials. Such attitudes and emerging American designers’ popularity triggered a shift from Paris as the arbiter of all fashion (Peterson et al. 2008). During 1945, in their efforts to revive French fashion and regain the lost status of Fashion capital, fifty-three French couturiers joined hands to organize a travelling exhibition, called Theatre de la Mode. Some of the prominent names of this group included Cristobal Balenciaga, Jean Patou, Robert Ricci, Jacques Fath, and Elsa Schiaparelli. They revived an old-age exhibitions style of dressing up 200 dolls with complete dress, undergarments, hats, shoes, gloves, jewellery, handbags, and umbrellas

Waste to Energy Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Waste to Energy Industry - Essay Example A common method of converting household waste is to convert the products into gases which is then used as the catalyst for the production of electrical energy (Khoo, 2009). One of the main benefits of using this technology is that there is an after-effect after the conversion of the waste has been completed, allowing for various chemical manufacture or as an additive to livestock feed (Khoo). This gasification process is also known generate much less air pollution and industrial residues, therefore from a community perspective, another main benefit is that it is a cleaner method of disposing of household waste. Plasma is often used in this process and seems to be a more efficient method of converting household waste. Plasmas are â€Å"gases that have been heated to the point of ionization—meaning they are composed of charged particles such as electrons that can conduct electricity and generate tremendous amounts of heat† (Ebert, 2007, para. 2). These plasmas can melt various metals and convert chemicals through the intense heat and electricity being generated by these technological breakthroughs. Food waste, from homes and various businesses, can also be disposed of efficiently. This is quite important as in countries like the United Kingdom, food waste makes up an entire one-third of total household rubbish (Bream, 2007). In this country, where land mass does not allow for ongoing landfill use for food waste products, there is a major benefit as it essentially allows the land to be utilized for other, more community-focused projects. The speed at which the conversion process of this household waste occurs would also seem to be a superior advantage of the technology, as this process can even change the composition of metals, plastics and chemicals in order to provide efficient energy sources. In a landfill, the process of decomposition of these

Corporate governenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate governenance - Essay Example lowed by series of consequences in the capital markets including managerial, and accounting corruption or weakness of the internal control systems panel on activities of the financial institutions. Based on the above the global economy has witnessed the introduction of new terminology namely Corporate Governance to detect the weakness in the companies’ control. The concept of the Corporate Governance has been developed to direct the management and business inside and outside the company. The Corporate Governance function enables the company to ensure the existence of efficient systems, sets out responsibilities and duties of the board of directors’ members and the executive management of the company, considering that interest of the shareholders irrespective of their shareholding and the interests of the different stakeholders in the company should be protected (Menon and Joanne1997, p 564). The responsibility of the Corporate Governance is maintaining interest such genuine management of resources and engaging in environmental awareness of the shareholders and achieve fairness among them, strengthening the role of disclosure and transparency, and reiterate role of the management. The laws and regulatory policies of the business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have not given considerable attention to the concept of the Corporate Governance, except after the crisis of the Saudi Stock Exchange which took place in the second half of the year 2006 particularly 1/7/2006. In light of the flourished Saudi economy due to oil price soaring and availability of the cash along with the loans borrowing from the banks, individuals began to speculate in shares through availing loans from the banks and not from their own savings. Lack of transparencies in the market, misleading rumors, weakness of control from the Capital Market Authority and management of company’s speculations on the poor companies in terms of the financial position have increased (Ian and William 2005,

Waste to Energy Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Waste to Energy Industry - Essay Example A common method of converting household waste is to convert the products into gases which is then used as the catalyst for the production of electrical energy (Khoo, 2009). One of the main benefits of using this technology is that there is an after-effect after the conversion of the waste has been completed, allowing for various chemical manufacture or as an additive to livestock feed (Khoo). This gasification process is also known generate much less air pollution and industrial residues, therefore from a community perspective, another main benefit is that it is a cleaner method of disposing of household waste. Plasma is often used in this process and seems to be a more efficient method of converting household waste. Plasmas are â€Å"gases that have been heated to the point of ionization—meaning they are composed of charged particles such as electrons that can conduct electricity and generate tremendous amounts of heat† (Ebert, 2007, para. 2). These plasmas can melt various metals and convert chemicals through the intense heat and electricity being generated by these technological breakthroughs. Food waste, from homes and various businesses, can also be disposed of efficiently. This is quite important as in countries like the United Kingdom, food waste makes up an entire one-third of total household rubbish (Bream, 2007). In this country, where land mass does not allow for ongoing landfill use for food waste products, there is a major benefit as it essentially allows the land to be utilized for other, more community-focused projects. The speed at which the conversion process of this household waste occurs would also seem to be a superior advantage of the technology, as this process can even change the composition of metals, plastics and chemicals in order to provide efficient energy sources. In a landfill, the process of decomposition of these

Contamination and remediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contamination and remediation - Essay Example The contaminated land may be contaminated either by low or high concentrates hazardous wastes or pollution but are potential enough to be reused after remediation processes. But the land which is severely contaminated by such contaminants does not come under brownfield classification. It has also been seen that there are few cases where the owners are â€Å"not willing to transfer the brownfield or put it into productive reuse†, as those of Mothballed brownfields in United States. It is because these may cause blight, threaten public health and the environment and even hold back economic development and revitalization i.e. staking social, economic as well as environmental wellbeing.2 The extent of cleaning and the costs involved in the remediation process wholly depends upon the type, amount and area of contamination. The standards of cleanup adopted also influence the cleanup process. For example the clean up standards would be more stringent if the property or land is to be used for residential purposes and less strict if to be used for industrial purposes as the exposure to the contaminants would be quite less in this case. And the types of the contaminants too determine the cost while clean up process. For example if the groundwater of the site is found contaminated the cost of remediation process will be much higher than if just the soil is found contaminated. The costs of the cleanup to the property owner can also be contributed by other parties such as previous owners if they too are found responsible for contributing towards the contamination. (footnote 1) It has been seen that due to costs involved in the safe standards of cleaning processes of contaminated sites, most of them usually sit idle and unused for huge number of years. It is because the even the worth of the property after cleanup is much less than the costs of

Lincoln and Johnson vs. the Radicals Essay Example for Free

Lincoln and Johnson vs. the Radicals Essay The Civil War, which lasted up until 1865, was the bloodiest battle that this Nation had ever faced. Making it even sadder was the fact that this Nation was divided, North against South, and brothers were killing brothers, fathers killing sons. It was indeed a tough time for President Lincoln who was sworn into office in 1861. He needed to end the war and figure out a way to bring peace and rebuild the Nation. In order to end the war he devised a plan to free all slaves in the eye’s of the government, and on the first day of the year in 1863 he announced his â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation,† declaring all slaves owned under the Confederacy to be now free men. The Confederacy was beginning to crumble; Southern cities were destroyed and the Southern economy was in ruins. Lincoln now focused his attention on the idea of Reconstruction, and reuniting those Southern States back into the Union. It would not be easy for Lincoln, however, as he faced far different ideas than his, proposed by the Radical Republicans, led by Pennsylvania Representative Thaddeus Stevens and Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner. Despite being the Republican nomination for President, Lincoln was far more conservative than those Republicans taking the majority of seats in Congress. In December of 1863, before the war had officially come to a close, Lincoln began to devise his Reconstruction plan, which at the time was considered to be very lenient by those of the Union. His plan was very compassionate toward white southerners, except for major leaders of the Confederacy. He needed those Confederate Army generals and high-ranking officers to take an oath of loyalty to the Union, and verbally accept the Nation’s abolition of slavery. Lincoln’s plan was to institute new state governments in the South, under control of those southerners who had not aided to Confederacy. Lincoln also had the idea of granting voting rights to those freed African Americans who were educated, owned land, or had participated in the fighting for the Union. Under Lincoln’s plan, three southern states (Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee) acknowledged the abolition of slavery, formed new Union-loyal governments, and were ready to be readmitted completely into the Union. The Radical Republicans were not pleased to the slightest with Lincoln’s plan. They demanded much harsher penalties for seceding the Union, and they refused to seat the representatives from those three states, reconstructed under Lincoln’s plan. Because they were so displeased with Lincoln’s leniency, they pushed what is known as the Wade-Davis bill through Congress in 1864. This bill instituted a temporary governor, from the North, to each of those 11 Confederate states. When the majority of men residing in those states had pledged their allegiance to the Union, the governor was to hold a â€Å"constitutional convention,† where only men who had never fought against the Union could elect delegates to represent them in Congress. Once this was accomplished, the new state governments had to acknowledge the total abolition of slavery, disenfranchise Confederate leaders, and pay off all of their war debts, mainly owed to England. After all of this, and only after all of this, could those southern states be readmitted into the Union. Dissatisfied with the Radicals bill, Lincoln overrode their authority with a â€Å"pocket veto.† As you would assume, the Radicals were utterly outraged with Lincoln’s actions, and demanded that Lincoln accept some of their ideas proposed by the Wade-Davis Bill. Unfortunately, we will never know how the President would have negotiated terms with those Radical Republicans. On the night of April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot from behind while watching a play with his wife, and died early the next morning. Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s vice President, became the Nations new President shortly after the assassination. Johnson, who was originally a democrat, was now faced with the issue of Reconstruction, and like Lincoln, took a more moderate approach. While Congress was out of session in the summer following his launch into Presidency, Johnson quickly began to â€Å"R estore† (as he like to call it) those southern states back into the Union. His plan was very much like the Wade-Davis Bill in which he instituted a temporary governor to those southern states and had the governor allow qualified voters to elect delegates to represent them in Congress. When Congress came back into session in December, they began almost immediately to refuse seats to those elected delegates. Even though Johnson’s intentions were very similar to their Wade-Davis Bill, those Radicals were angered by the fact that most southerners still wished for slavery even though they took an oath against it. Many Confederate generals being voted in as Representatives in Congress also angered the Radicals. So they shot Johnson’s plan down, plain and simple. The Radicals began to gain more and more power in Congress due to several factors. First, Black Codes began to arise in southern states which authorized sate officials to apprehend unemployed blacks for vagrancy, and hire them out to mostly plantation owners in order to pay off their vagranc y fines. This angered many northerners as is basically violated southern states oaths of African American freedom. This caused Congress to pass the first Civil Rights Act, which gave the federal government the right to intervene in state affairs if blacks were not given appropriate rights. Johnson vetoed this bill but was easily overridden by the all-powerful Radical Congress. Next, Congress devised the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. It stated that all people born or naturalized in United States territory are considered citizens, and penalties would arise for states that denied the right to vote to any male citizens. It also stated that former Confederate officials were prohibited from holding any state or federal position unless they were pardoned for their treasonous Civil War crimes by two-thirds of Congress. Any state that ratified this 14th Amendment would be readmitted into the Union. Tennessee was the only state to ratify and be readmitted right away. Finally, those ten states that were still outstanding from the Union were divided into five different â€Å"military districts.† A military commander was assigned to each district and was responsible for registering citizens to vote (black males, and those whites who had not bore arms against the Union). Voters had to elect government bodies who would write their new state constitution, and have it passed by Congress. And finally, after all that, the state had to ratify the 14th Amendment. All but Virginia, Texas and Mississippi had reunited with the Union by 1868 and finally by 1870 those last 3 states were reunited only after ratifying 15th Amendment in addition to the 14th one. Alas, the Union was rejoined, blacks now had their freedom and right to vote, and peace was beginning to take presence. When we look at the similarities proposed by Lincoln and Johnson, we see that both men were in favor of leniency for those southern states. Lincoln only felt it was necessary for Confederate leaders to take an oath of loyalty as opposed to the Congressional decision that Confederate leaders needed to be pardoned by two-thirds of Congress (Which would likely never happen as Radicals held so much power in Congress) in order to take part in state or federal legislature. It is clear that Johnson also opposed this idea, and leaned toward Lincoln’s plan, in the way he vetoed Congress vigorously. This similarity in ideas between Lincoln and Johnson is also a major difference between the presidents and Congress’s final decision. Unfortunately for Johnson (and Lincoln), and the rest of the moderate northerners, his veto was no match for Congress. A key similarity between the presidents and Congress though, was the issue of African American rights. The final Congressional plan involved a federal Civil Rights Act and two new Constitutional Amendments, in order to protect the rights of African Americans. Lincoln obviously believed in equality when he delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, and stated that educated, land-owning, or allied blacks should be given the right to vote. And based on Congresses final decision, I would say the majority of people from the south who were qualified to vote on the new state governors were probably African Americans. In conclusion, when comparing the presidential Reconstruction plans, with those actually put into play by Congress, the main difference falls within the idea of leniency vs. anger. The presidents wanted the whole ordeal over and the states rejoined, whereas the Radicals wanted revenge on the South for seceding. As to which ideas would have worked better? It is very hard to say. All that can be said is that eventually, the Radicals gained too much power in Congress for the presidents to handle, and ultimately an all-powerful republican Congress overruled their ideas. Bibliography(EZbib.com) Brinkley, Alan. Reconstruction and the New South. The Unfinished Nation. 6th ed. Vol. 2. New York [u.a.: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 369-83. Print. 35b. Radical Reconstruction. Radical Reconstruction [ushistory.org]. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Time Line of The Civil War, 1865. Time Line of The Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Globalization and the English language

Globalization and the English language Globalization is building bridges to connect people from all across the world and it plays an important role in understanding inter-cultural background of different countries. In todays rapidly growing world, globalization has changed a lot of things though there are many benefits to this, there are also disadvantages. On one hand English is helping people around the world to unite but on the other hand it is in a way influencing them to think in western cultural point of view, where their original culture is derailed. There will be a time when language will die out and we may not have translators who would translate which means an entire language can be wiped out. Each language has its own emotions and perspective attached to it, so when a language dies the emotion and perspective dies too. The use of language is more commercial and commodity based so it loses its significance in its cultural aspect. I believe in the diversity of cultures because the knowledge we get from different cultures and language adds on to our understanding of the world. Studying languages varied is like understanding different rivers of civilization as it merges to one ocean, the world. At the alarming rate by which languages are dying I took it upon myself to raise this issue to an official forum of the world which is the United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization. The form I choose to write would be an official letter stating the problems and solutions of varied languages of the world dying. I choose this form as this issue can be solved in a forum which unifies the world. Languages are dying at an unprecedented rate. A language dies every 14 days. (Patricia Ryan)- Author of The sun and the moon. I am a student from India and I am driving your attention to the subject of endangered languages and cultures and its effect on the world. I sincerely hope you understand the problem and reflect on it. I am addressing this issue to you because as a head of UNO cultural department, this may help pave way to finding solutions for preserving the languages of the world. Without any dispute, English has become the most useful language in todays world. It is a major advantage to business and travel. In this process English also holds the responsibility to the extinction of other languages and hence their cultures. Just how far can this go on ? A language is not only a way of expression but it is connected to emotional aspect. Different cultures view the world differently and due to declination of language in todays society a vast amount of ancestry knowledge is being lost. For example: Ayurveda which is written in Sanskrit is a branch of Indian science is derived from ancestral knowledge, Ayurveda was passed on through generations and the knowledge kept on contracting as the days progress. As the world is getting more and more modernized the translators are on the decline. A reason where we lose out in the essence of a culture and knowledge as the language dies. Indian written texts is rich with knowledge as there are ancient studies on Economics (Arthashastra), Sciences (Vedas), Physical and mental empowerment (Patanjali), which were all written in Sanskrit. Once a language is lost it cannot be traced back. The amount of knowledge Ayurveda possesses is incredible, the way they look at the world is astonishing. They unders tand the core of the nature; they can predict winds with moist of the soil. Ayurveda is an alternative to medicine; some of the techniques of Ayurveda are tested at many research facilities. This information on Ayurveda will be best known by native person who observed the knowledge from his childhood not the person who tests under different trials to obtain temporary results. The modern generation is bereft of the knowledge acquired by their ancestors .The language of learning could have been oral and scripts written in palm leaves. The records were destroyed and some handed out to the family. I intend to imply that what knowledge humans are seeking for or inventing has been already done or half done by our ancestors who recorded it in their own language and as a consequence of language extinction there will be death of this pre accumulated knowledge. We have to trace back and reinvent what they have done and decode the languages. This can be done best by a native speaker not a translator. The manuscripts written in Ayurveda cannot be fully understood by the translator of this generation because a lot of words were lost in between and there was less importance placed on preservation of languages. It is culture which makes a community worth noticing. Language is the way of knowing, expressing their action . This is a prime reason why travelers go around the world looking for lost cultures. The knowledge is being passed on through generations. English has to exist as a global language which makes communication easier between different people from different backgrounds but should it be too compulsory to an extent where it drives out the knowledge? A person understanding is connected to their emotions and this is connected to their culture through language. Studies have shown that a person who uses his vernacular learns and understands concepts better than they do in foreign language. English should be taught a little later in life because it is helping people connect around the world but should it be taught to an extent where it acts as a barrier to knowledge? Languages are dying in an accelerating rate some languages such as Irish Gaelic, Welsh, and Maori are already extinct and so their wisdom on life. An article on New York Times has estimated that Ninety-five percent of the worlds languages are spoken by only five percent of the population In todays world bi-lingualism would be a best idea. It would be a benefiting future if children all across the globe are taught about their cultural background and their own mother tongue before they learn further on western languages and their culture. The best option for this is encouraging native speakers and respecting their cultures. This not only enriches human way of thinking but also makes world more colorful and a fun place to live in. If world forgets other cultures and speaks only single language. National Geographic have come with a program which helps reviving lost languages. Language preservation works best when the culture, language and identities of a certain community are respected by that countrys government. Its obvious that one cant speak a language if one is unaware of the right pronunciation. I think language should also be stored on internet with audio courses, so that in future people all around the world can access the megabytes data and enrich their own thinking style. I conclude by saying depressingly, many linguists accept that of the 6,000 or more languages that are in use today, anywhere from 50% to 90% of them could be extinct by the year 2050.With the spread of globalization. But this is not the end; The United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization still has an opportunity to preserve and save the dying colorful cultures all across the world which add to humanitys evolution. This generation holds the key responsibility to decide what lives on and what dies. So I would sincerely request you to please take a stand and address this issue. Page number: 3 Thank you, Success, Gowtham Reddy.  [2]  

The Political Community in Guatemala Essay -- essays research papers

The Political Community The â€Å"social apartheid† that exist in Guatemala separates Guatemala into two places and does not allow the country to be united, both democratically socially. The indigenous population is separated from opportunities. Without the minimal conditions, necessary for citizens to exercise their rights in practice there is not citizenship and therefore no â€Å"true† democracy. New democratic institutions must both address the anxiety existing among Ladinos and prove to be responsive to a sizeable segment of the national community that has previously been excluded based on language and ethnicity. Authoritarian regimes which retain considerable power and the democratic transition is never fully consolidated, stable, or lasting. Dealing not only with the elimination of military control, but also addressing the country’s historical problems, including massive social inequalities. More than half of Guatemalans are descendants of indigenous Mayan peoples. Westernized Mayans and mestizos (mixed European and indigenous ancestry) are known as Ladinos. Most of Guatemala's population is rural, though urbanization is accelerating. Although the official language is Spanish, it is not universally understood among the indigenous population. According to the World Bank, Guatemala is the country with the second-greatest income disparity between rich and poor in Latin America, behind Brazil. On which sides of that divide Guatemalans sit depends largely on whether they are Indian...

Quantitative Research Critique

Quantitative Research Critique Cathleen Atkins Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Linda Permoda March 24, 2013 Quantitative Research Critique Title of Article The title of the article being critiqued is â€Å"The impact of workload on hygiene compliance in nursing†, which was published in the British Journal of Nursing (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Authors There are three authors for this quantitative research study. Martin Knoll is the HTW of Saarland, Clinical Nursing Research and Evaluation, Saarbruecken, Germany.Christine Lautenschlaeger, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Medical Informatics, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany is the second author. And last, Marianne Borneff-Lipp is head of the Institute for Hygiene, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Introduction to Study Quantitative research is used when trying to determine the meaning of li fe experiences and situations. This is done by using a systematic and subjective approach to study.The goal of quantitative research is to determine the relationship between one thing, an independent variable, and another, the dependent variable (Burns & Grove, 2011). The purpose of the study was to examine whether external factors such as ward capacity and level of nursing intensity had any effect on compliance of hand hygiene guidelines by the nursing staff (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Protection of Human Participants During the six participant observation trials nurses were observed, without their knowledge, to see if they complied with hand hygiene disinfection.When a nurse was observed to have neglected hand hygiene an interview was immediately conducted to understand why previous training on hand hygiene guidelines were ignored. The observations and interviews were conducted with permission from hospital management and the medical director that were in accor dance with the Guidelines of Good Research Practice (Cambridge University, 2005). Informed consent was obtained by nursing staff when subsequent interviews were undertaken after notice of failure to comply with the guidelines and they did so voluntarily (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010).Benefits of participation were not addressed by the researchers. Data Collection Major variables for this study were identified. The independent variable identified by the researchers is the nursing staff with the dependent variable being data collected from the interviews. Data was collected for this study during a 12 month time period, from June 2007 to May 2008. Data collection was divided into six observation trial periods that included June, September, and November of 2007 and January, March, and May of 2008. Nursing staff from ten departments were observed for research.Those departments included four surgery units, four internal medicine units, and two interdisciplinary intensive c are units. Data was collected by observations and interviews. A researcher observed nurses for hand disinfection, when a nurse failed to do so the researcher introduced themself to the nurse and immediately initiated a narrative interview (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Rationale for using the previously described collection methods was so the study could employ the Hawthorne effect. (Stroebe, 2003).The Hawthorne effect exercises influence on the nurse through teaching that is intended to motivate behavioral change (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Data Management and Analysis There was no information provided by the researchers about data management. A descriptive design and trend analysis was used to determine problems with current practice of the nurses interviewed. Data analysis was done through categorization of summarized core statement. Seven categories with subsequent causes were developed as well as a structured definition of those categories.T he rigor process was not addressed by the researchers. To minimize the effect of researcher bias the interviews were consistently conducted by the same interviewer in a controlled environment (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Borneff-Lipp, 2010). Findings / Interpretation of Findings The findings from the research are valid and have an accurate reflection of reality. Confidence in the findings is positive because it addressed the purpose of the study. Nursing staff illness, absence, vacation, and difference in full or part time employment were not taken into account and make up the limitations of the study.The study used coherent logic as was evidenced by categorization of data, tables, and section titles. The study findings can be applied to all aspects of nursing practice in all areas. One question that emerged that requires further study is how such an imbalance could arise between the scope of every day nursing duties and the time available to perform them (Knoll, Lautenschlaeger, & Bo rneff-Lipp, 2010). References Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (2011). Understanding nursing research. Maryland Heights: W.B. Saunders. Cambridge University. (2005). Good research practice. http://tinyurl. com/3yhf8py Knoll, M. , Lautenschlaeger, C. , & Borneff-Lipp, M. (2010). The impact of workload on hygiene compliance in nursing. British Journal of Nursing, 19(16), S18-S22. Retrieved on March 24, 2013 from http://ehis. ebscohost. com. library. gcu. edu:2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=0e6f5b68-9e35-492d-9fae-b57d46b48458%40sessionmgr112&vid=7&hid=6 Stroebe, W. (2003). Sozialpsychologie. 4th Ed. Heidelberg, Berlin.

Cultural and environmental Issues in Pakistan Essay

Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness. Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. Pakistan has been ranked at 42nd number among the most corrupt nations of the world. Unemployment: Unemployment is a major social problem caused by poor economical system. Causes of unemployment are: Lack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects are causing unemployment worldwide. There are many reasons of unemployment like influx of machinery that has replaced manpower. Health problems: Health is another social problem caused by poor economical conditions. The cost of living is ever increasing and shortage of funds is a usual problem worldwide. There are less hospitals and medical centers and if there are any, the people are unable to afford their and their children health  expenses So the health problems grow unchecked. Child labor: Children who deserve to be educated are forced to do work.  The circulation of money is restrained to rich people only causing the poor to become more poor. In past, some countries refused to import those goods from Pakistan in whose making children were employed. Due to growing inflation (rise) and poverty, parents are bound to send their children to work to light their stoves. Economical problems: 1. Power crises 2. War on terrorism 3. Declining export 4. Tumbling stock-market 5. Lack of tourism 6. Loss in business Power crises are affecting the economy of the world very badly. The power crisis is followed by decline in production and at the end the economy of the countries is affected badly. We are running short of fuel worldwide. All the countries are affected by power crises. War against terrorism is another very important reason behind the economical problem.ï‚ § War is affecting the world’s economy and is causing problems like shortage of fuel, lack of funds, increase in health problem etc. War benefits none, someone is hurt badly and someone is destroyed completely. Lack of power followed by decline in production is the main cause of declining export which is a major economical problem worldwide. In Pakistan, core inflation soared to 18.85% in first quarter of year 2009. The production cannot even fulfill the demands and hue to decline in export and lack of trouble, the world economy is suffering great problems. The stock-market is suffering a decline worldwide. Lack of investment and poor economical condition of the people and government is another cause of decline in stock-market worldwide. In 2009, many times Karachi Stock Exchange has plunged to its lowest point in the history of Pakistan. Lack of tourism is also a cause of the declining in economy. Local as well as foreign media has projected Pakistan as a dangerous and unsafe country. Its poor law and order situation has alarmed the tourist and thus Northern areas no more receive many tourists. The poor  economical system affects the business very badly. Foreign investors are not ready to setup their businesses in Pakistan. More than 70 Multinational Companies have already packed up their business from Pakistan. Government as well as every single citizen has to play its own specific role to b ring about a positive change. Cultural crisis in Pakistan A SUFI saint has defined culture as the fragrance left behind when the incense stick of life has burnt out. And, heritage is valued as the highly prized family silver — a loan from our ancestors to be passed on to future generations. No department of life – be it economic, cultural, religious or recreational – has been free from the effect of this great transformation in progress. The old system of classification and stratification of society as a whole is changing gradually and slowly but surely and certainly. We may go for some little changes. For instance, we may change clothing style. We may change our room setting. We may change our eating stuff. We may do whatever makes us happy. Movement is the stuff and essence of life, both for individual and the society. From the independence day of August 14, 1947 up to date, Pakistan’s has been a society in transition. The society of Pakistan is dynamic and therefore ever-changing, and its patterns are changing transforming from time to time. The national society has been responding to the challenges of environment, natural and man-made. The factors and circumstances responsible for these changes can be enumerated as below; partition of sub-continent, technological and scientific inventions, growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion of commercial activities and international trade, changes in the economic structure of the country initiating the industrialization of its economy, the spread of literacy resulting in the rise of a secular intelligentsia, the effect of the spread of different ideologies of different political parties in the country, the impact of the highly developed countries of the world on our society, the working and influence of the trade union and co-operative movement, the expansion of the area reached by the mass media of communication like radio, press, cinema, television etc. migration and finally cultural diffusion. Changes are the spice of life. Is it true? Of course YES! It is true because everybody needs a change in whatever he/she is doing. We want changes around us. Monotonous life just makes us feel  bored. It is good to have a change. It is not important that we should go for big changes everyday. We may go for little changes that should be pretty affordable. If we are seeking for a healthy and entertaining life then changes are very important. Changes must be positive. If we will go for negative ones then they will obviously have a negative impact upon our lives. Negative impacts are accountable for some more negative changes so we need to be assiduous in this regard. Pakistan today is undergoing an identity crisis a crisis which the author feels arises from culture conflict. One of the causes of this conflict is that the Pakistani society possesses imported cultures along with its own; varying with the diverse regions. The numerous cultures tend to conflict with one another. This crisis is clearly manifest in the actions of the Pakistani you th –rebellions, and indecisiveness. The struggle for Pakistan was a unique historical experience with few parallels in the annals of history. It transcended ethnic ,linguistic, cultural and regional differences and coalesced into a powerful movement culminating in the creation of an independent homeland for the Muslims of the sub-continent. It even defied the geographic compulsions. In essence, it was an experience of a deep Muslim consciousness which both inspiring and invigorating. However ,Pakistan after its creation was, indeed ,and ethnically plural society. Pakistan, these days is passing through a crucial era of multifarious ethnic problems; multi-lingual and regional; problems etc. The province of the Punjabi has three distinct ethno-linguistic groups i.e. Punjabi ,Potohari and Saraiki speaking .Of late ,there has been a nascent rise of Saraiki consciousness with a demand for a separate Saraiki Province comprising of Saraiki speaking areas . In Baluchistan the Baluch , Brohi and Pakhtoons are dominated ethnoligual groups. The wide spread nationalist consciousness of Balchusitan has cut across the tribal divisions. In the North-Western Province of Pakistan ,apart from Pushtu,Hindku and Saraiki are also spoken in some parts of this province .The Pustoons as an ethnic group are integrating with the economic life of the rest of the country .The issue of Kalabagh Dam has arisen out of the same ethnic issue and provincial disharmony of Pakistan in the province. Though the proposed dam may play the role of key factor in the prosperity of the country and may breath a new life in the agricultural and industrial life of Pakistan .Moreover the  ethnic groups of the province also demand regional and to rename the province as Pakhtoonistan. Similarly the problem of ethnicity in Sindh is very complex. It is a web of discards, clash of interest and the resultant sense deprivation between the different ethnic groups. Overawed bewildered conditions, the inhabitants themselves ,sometime become bewildered and the frequent out –burst of violence creates hysteria among the people which consequences which are damaging for the peace and harmony of the province and also for the nation as a whole. All cultural activities can be perpetuated through private-sector support by providing incentives and tax breaks. Let there be encouragement by the government for partnerships of commerce and culture, for promoting a positive, cultural image of Pakistan. The government needs to do a lot, but it needn’t do it alone — through a strategic plan each Pakistani can be encouraged to become a cultural worker. Pakistan is today at a crossroads due to challenges posed in the post 9/11 world — the world of so-called clash of civilizations — with an increasing polarization between the Muslims and the Western world. The affect of negative images flashed around the world can only be counter-acted through a cultural offensive. To achieve our objective of becoming a favored country for investment, culture will need to be placed at the core of our development policies and propagated with every possible means. It is not only political and diplomatic strategies that will create a better image for our country, but equally the propagation of our cultural agenda that is likely to pay dividends. Let us promote our vision of a cultural Pakistan, Saqafati Pakistan, to provide another window to our country, a world removed from violence and negativism, promoting instead an image of a pluralistic Muslim country, a depository of rare cultural assets, along with historical memories and spiritual orientation of its people. Each public sector organization and private sector, too, can be engaged in promoting our cultural resources, through even simple means of films, posters, images and leaflets: PIA within aeroplanes and national and international offices, Pakistan Railways by utilizing its countrywide stations, Pakistan Post Office through its innumerable outlets, the technological gateways and countless websites, to name a few. Let us not fritter away our family silver and the fragrance of the incense stick, but safeguard them and utilize them for creation of a cultural Pakistan, for not only development and well being  of our people, but also for social and economic advancement of our nation. Environmental issues: Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification. Little attention was paid to pollution .Some are these Related concerns, such as sanitation and potable water, received earlier scrutiny. In 1987 only about 6 percent of rural residents and 51 percent of urban residents had access to sanitary facilities; a Greater success has been achieved in bringing potable water within reach of the people; nearly half the population enjoyed such access by 1990. However, researchers at the Pakistan Medical Research Council, recognizing that a large proportion of diseases in Pakistan are caused by the consumption of polluted water, have been questioning the â€Å"safe† classification in use in the 1990s. Even the 38 percent of the population that receives its water through pipelines runs the risk of consuming seriously contaminated water, although the problem varies by area. In Punjab, for example, as much as 90 percent of drinking water comes from groundwater, as compared with only 9 percent in Sindh. The central government’s Perspective Plan (1988–2003) and previous five-year plans do not mention sustainable development strategies. Further, there have been no overarching policies focused on sustainable development and conservation. The state has focused on achieving self-sufficiency in food production, meeting energy demands, and containing the high rate of population growth, not on curtailing pollution or other environmental hazards. In 1992 Pakistan’s National Conservation Strategy Report attempted to redress the previous inattention to the nation’s mounting environmental problem. Drawing on the expertise of more than 3,000 people from a wide array of political affiliations, the government produced a document outlining the current state of environmental health, its sustainable goals, and viable program options for the future. Of special concern to environmentalists is the diminishing forest cover in watershed regions of the northern highlands, which has only recently come under close scrutiny.

Modern Society Essay

Modern society which is very complex and often contradictory has its origin in the ancient times as far back as 4000 years ago. Deeply rooted in spirituality, yet having equal attraction towards materialism, sometimes leading to unethical behaviour, inclination and commitment towards science, logic and reason, yet superstitious practices are rampant. Untouchability has been constitutionally abolished and caste and community based discrimination banned, its practice is common and it is a major tool of vote-bank politics in India. Thus, Indian society presents a contradictory picture and can be seen in the perspective of a society in the process of continued change or flux. Social change is a broader term which implies change in infrastructure, facilities and their distribution, change in thought, attitude and behaviour of the people, change in faith, culture, tradition and living styles, etc. Change is a natural inevitable process which continues in every age and will continue to happen even in future. Social infrastructure, cultural, attitudinal and behavioural changes do not remain static. They continuously change with the passage of time. It is the result of this natural process of change that life underwent sea change from the Stone Age to the Computer Age. Social change basically constitutes a transformation at all level of thought, behaviour and action that does not presuppose either a strict positive or negative impact. In fact, the impact cannot be confined to one direction only. Indeed the change has both positive and negative impact which may lead the society towards progress or regression. Social change is not a sudden process. It is a gradual process which takes lots of time to happen. Neither is it the result of any single factor. It is the result of so many factors which include demographic, technological, political, economic, cultural and legal. Generally, social conflict, growth and expansion and knowledge and scientific and technological advancement lead to social change. Indeed, the research and advancement in the field of science and technology bring about a change in the outlook of society. Besides, the demographic factors also contribute to social change. Rising population, rampant illiteracy, housing and health problems, large-scale migration, etc. all have a bearing on social climate. Rapid industrialisation resulting in economic development and urbanisation has brought about the growth of slums in urban areas as well as a great disparity in the standard of living. After independence, the country with the help of fundamental rights tried to bridge the social gap by providing right to equality to all its citizens and abolished untouchability. No doubt, it has a positive effect on society. It has brought about a decline in social discrimination and reduced the exploitation of the poor. Cultural factors like Sanskritisation, i. e. the process explaining the upward mobility of a sub-caste group in a caste hierarchy, traditional attitudes and customs of the people. Law is also an important tool to bring about social change. In the post-independence era, the Indian Government has taken numerous measures that concern society. The Constitution refuses to recognise the distinctions of religion, sect, caste, sex, etc. in the matter of the opportunities of civil life. It has largely mitigated a number of social evils resulting from the pluralisitc nature of Indian society with regard to religion and caste. Freedom of belief as a Fundamental Right has made religion a personal choice rather than its earlier compulsive and all- pervasive nature for a family or a group. Endogamous nature of casteism is now on the wane as intermarriage, and even inter- religious ones have been legalised. Reservations in jobs and freedom in the choice of vocations have encouraged vertical mobility of many families, irrespective of their caste and class affiliations. In short, laws play prominent role in social changes. Family, which has been almost universally considered the ideal and perfect living arrangement, and the backbone of social structure has undergone a transformation under the impact of industrialisation, urbanisation, spread of education, large-scale migration and other changes taking place in different spheres of life. Nuclear families have taken the place of joint family system. Common residence and property are being substituted by functional joint families, who fulfil their social obligations towards each other and come to help each other in their hours of need. Now old age is perceived with fear. This is rather recent phenomena. The old are now taken as a liability. Old age is viewed as an unavoidable, undesirable and problem-ridden phase of life. This is one of the gifts of modern life. In recent times, economic development and technological advancements have been rapid. They have an inevitable impact on social attitudes and values. This progress has led to the loss of cherished values. With enhanced earning, power and growing consumerism, the parents and children have altered their response to family life. The nature of parenting nd role of spouses have undergone sea change. Family bonds are eroding fast in society, it is particularly frequent in urban society where youngsters, in large numbers, migrate for studies or jobs, their parents, left alone, are faced with the problem of emotional loss and a fear of future. Economic independence has brought in its wake, individualism. In an economically independent society everybody wants to asse rt himself. A man wants his prominence in various spheres of life. He no longer likes to be ignored or undervalued. It has tremendously affected the woman. Now she wants her role in family and society as well. This is, in fact, a challenge to the traditional view of society that women as a class are inferior to men. However, her role in decision-making is assuming significance. Modern women are quite aware of their rights and privileges. At the same time social attitude towards women is also changing, though the process is slow. Today’s society is one of freedom and inquiry. In this age of individualism, authority is no longer unquestionably accepted by children. In this age of Information Technology, children are often more informal and aware than their parents. They no longer stand in awe of parents or any elderly persons. Human values and ethics have taken a backseat. Relations today are increasingly based on mercenary considerations. As a consequence, warmth and obligations have been lost in society. This, in a way, leads to conflict and confusion, adversely affecting family bonds or ties. Age old values of tolerance, hospitality, warmth of attachments, politeness and patience are fast fading out. However, some changes in society are pleasant and encouraging. Technological innovations have changed even the common people’s way of life. This change can be felt even at the village levels. The prevalence of superstitions and evil practices are no longer as frequent and common in society as they were during the pre-independence era. The accessibility of mass media has changed the village life also. The thinking behaviour and lifestyle of the villagers have tremendously changed. This exposure, though not always beneficial, has served to open Indian minds to receive new ideas and views. As a whole, the change on the mental level, has been slow, however, it is encouraging. Thus, at every level and in every sphere, Indian society is experiencing changes. The changes are more pronounced and noticeable in terms of dress, behaviour and egalitarianism while traditional beliefs, even if they are outdated and redundant, are practised and refuse to give up their hold on Indian society. Thus, the contradictory situations create confusion and sometimes lead to conflict. The prevailing anger and frustration arising out of inequality in development, loss of values accompanied by a greedy, grasping mercenary attitude, growing corruption on the part of authorities and the ‘elite’ find expression in the form of violent responses from the oppressed and the downtrodden. Several secessionist movements in different parts of the country are attributed to this retrogressive changes taking place in society. The change is inevitable in a dynamic society but it must be guided by some principles so as to ensure a better future and a progressive society in which everybody can enjoy his share in peace and prosperity. Besides people must be educated and enlightened enough to take its positive impact while ignoring the negatives for the betterment of individual as well as society.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International business - Essay Example They are the result of the industry formation, their personal resources and the expertise the products rely on. Even if the industrialists did not clearly utilize the suggested framework to develop strategies, they do take advantage of a few aspects of these theories to support their decision-making. Nonetheless, the suggested theories cannot justify all of their strategies. It was interesting how the industrialists made use of â€Å"fortune†, â€Å"opportunity† and â€Å"gut feeling† to explain how they came about starting their businesses and why the business models developed the way they did. A number of decisions did not have a strategic foundation and were comparatively extemporized. This reveals the approach of startups to function as opposed to transnational businesses, which generally have some set of rules to follow before executing any plans (Lymbersky, p. 83, 2008). A lot similar to the rest of the Middle East, the Egyptian market is creating a taste f or foreign goods and newer generations are keen to try a rising range of these products. Introduction Once regarded as an improbable trade associate because of a fragmented retail sector as well as shortage of cold storage capability, the Middle East’s progress in both areas has led to better prospect for foreign confectionery providers. In addition, trade liberalization, better infrastructure in addition to distribution arrangements are aiding to smooth the progress of new product entry as well as brand development. In the present day, the Middle East (Lymbersky, p. 83, 2008) is among the most lucrative markets for confectionery around the globe. Demographically, the young people, rising number of emigrants, and mounting disposable income per capita should carry on creating demand for confectionery. Suppliers from all over the world are eager to meet this rising demand and are intensifying the competition for same reason. In a few of the smaller Middle Eastern nations such a s Israel, the supermarkets as well as hypermarkets make up the major share of confectionery sales. There are two national supermarket chains in Israel that currently control the retail scenario. Convenience stores, naturally, still play a most important part in confectionery supply; however, the small self-regulating grocer has mostly washed out from the scene (Sekkat, p. 29, 2009). Background The report helps in better understanding of the opportunities and possible barriers to enter the confectionary market of Middle Eastern region. The report is made with a regional focus and the information has been collected from all individual markets of Middle East region including Egypt, Israel and Turkey. Objective The objective of this report is to identify different market entry strategies and select the one that is most suitable for the company. The areas covered in this report are strategic issues this company is required to fix on earlier than product launch, to guarantee successful ma rket entry as well as their consequent survival. These consist of, but are not restricted to, the basis for entering that particular market segment, the types of promotion, their competitive advantages and methods to maintain these advantages. Reasons for Selecting Middle East Region There is developing awareness among international confectionery producers on the Middle East market. For many years, confectionery sales within the region have witnessed double-digit yearly growth, rising by almost 15 percent per annum between 2006 and 2009. There are quite a lot of bases for

Comic spirit- romance in comedies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comic spirit- romance in comedies - Essay Example Behind the superficial nature of Wilde’s play is a serious implication of self-righteous morality and hypocritical aristocracy too characteristic of the Victorian culture that to some extent brought about an end to his career as a highly acclaimed playwright in London. Wilde got enmeshed with a legal suit against his homosexuality that eventually led to his downfall ~ detention, impoverishment, divorce, exile and sadly, his death. Seven decades after his death, detractors, viewers and readers still consider The Importance of Being Earnest as an enchanting yet absolutely playful and shallow comedy, an outlook fairly echoing the way of thinking of an era wherein homosexuality is regarded as a forbidden subject. England’s homosexuality decriminalization in 1967 and America’s awareness of the gay society and particular interest in the undisclosed homosexual The Importance of Being Earnest is probably the most brilliant theatrical exhibition of identity crisis since Shakespeares Twelfth Night and at the same time as comical. It is a story of two young men, Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, both wanting to escape from their real dull lives and from the social expectations of the English upper class, thus inventing imaginary personalities that provide each of them a suitable alibi for their individual secret adventures. Jack creates a fictitious brother â€Å"Ernest† and Algernon invents a friend â€Å"Mr. Bunbury.† These deceptions in the last part, however, threatened to ruin their romantic happy-endings and shake the aristocratic fascination for origin, sophistication and fine breeding (Meineck). William Shakespeare’s works have risen above excellence and became very powerful that deeply influenced Western literature and culture. His works were collected, continually adopted and studied in the academe and published in a variety of editions after his death and earned him a reputation as the